Unified PE and Sport: What the research says

In this episode of What’s New in Adapted Physical Education, we had a conversation with Ballie Ollila, a doctoral student at Old Dominion University, about her research examining Unified Physical Education and Unified Sports programs. Her systematic review, “Special Olympics’ UnifiedSports and Physical Education Programming: A Systematic Review”, recently published in Quest, found that despite the popularity of unified PE and Sports programming, there is a lack of empirical evidence supporting its effectiveness. Ms. Ollila explains that her research was motivated by the Virginia Board of Education’s decision to allow unified PE to count as a physical education credit, prompting questions about the evidence underpinning such policies. Through her systematic review, Bailey identified critical gaps in the literature and highlighted the challenges of conducting research in this area, including limited peer-reviewed studies and potential conflicts of interest in research funded by Special Olympics. The discussion explores deeper issues within unified programming, such as hierarchical labeling and role differences that can unintentionally reinforce inequality. Finally, Ms. Ollila also shares her plans to expand her research into dance and disability, addressing another underexplored area in adapted physical activity.

What's New In Adapted Physical Education · Unified PE and Sport: What the research says

Co-Producing Adapted PE: Insights from Dr. Ally Keene

In this episode, we talked with Dr. Ally Keene, Assistant Professor of Kinesiology at Elizabeth City State University, about her journey into Adapted Physical Education (APE) and her dissertation on co-producing resources with blind young adults. Her dissertation centered on co-production, a collaborative research approach involving disabled individuals as equal partners. Working alongside three blind young adults, she created the website “Resources and Recommendations for PE Teachers of Blind Students,” hosted by Old Dominion University. The site includes sections on teacher attitudes, accessible fitness opportunities, and advocacy, providing practical tools to help PE teachers better support blind and visually impaired students.

In this discussion they talk both the challenges and value of co-production—highlighting how it deepens understanding, empowers participants, and improves teaching practices. Dr. Keene encourages educators to use collaborative planning tools, involve students in decision-making, and stay open to feedback and reflection. Looking ahead, she aims to evaluate the website’s impact and expand co-production work to other disability communities. Her vision is for an APE field that centers disabled voices and treats their lived experiences as essential expertise.

Dr. Keene also runs a sports camp for blind and visually impaired youth in Alaska. To find out more information, please visit this site: https://sites.google.com/odu.edu/campwebber

What's New In Adapted Physical Education · Co-Producing Adapted PE: Insights from Dr. Ally Keene

Dr. Lauren Lieberman and the Camp Abilities Movement

 In this episode of What's New in APE, Dr. Lauren Lieberman joins the CSLUB scholars and professors (Dr. Lavay, Young, and Bittner) to discuss her remarkable career and lifelong dedication to promoting inclusive physical activity. From her early experiences at Perkins School for the Blind to her groundbreaking work founding Camp Abilities, Dr. Lieberman reflects on how accessible physical education can transform lives. More specifically, in these discussions, Dr. Lieberman shares her academic and professional journey from teaching to being a world renown APE scholar. In addition, she outlines the origins of Camp Abilities at SUNY Brockport and its evolution into a global network of sports camps for children who are blind or visually impaired. Finally, she shares her thoughts on how she sees the field moving forward in the future and provides advise for future graduate APE scholars about seeking diverse experiences, read widely, volunteer, and ask critical questions. 

What's New In Adapted Physical Education · Dr. Lauren Lieberman and the Camp Abilities Movement

Legal Analysis: Adapted Physical Education and the Law

In this exciting episode of What's New in APE, Scott McNamara is joined by co-authors Dr. Wesley Wilson and David Woo to unpack their recent article examining the legal interpretation of adapted physical education (APE) under U.S. law. Together, they explore how the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) has been applied in federal court cases since 2004, revealing that parents prevailed in only two out of seven key cases. Their discussion highlights:

• The central role of IEPs in defining services and outcomes for students with disabilities.

• Why APE teachers must have a seat at the IEP table to ensure meaningful and legally defensible programming.

• The gap between federal policies and local implementation, and how judicial philosophy may shape future cases.

• The urgent need for greater legal literacy among educators, so they can advocate effectively for their students and their profession.

In their discussions, they also highlight the complexities of legal decision-making, the importance of precise documentation, and the ways in which IDEA’s promises often clash with on-the-ground realities in schools. Looking forward, they discuss their hopes for IDEA reauthorization, including clearer recognition of APE, stronger attention to social-emotional outcomes, and increased funding.

The citation of the article discussed is: McNamara, S. W., Wilson, W. J., & Woo, D. (2025). Legal Analysis of the Interpretation of Adapted Physical Education in US Law. Exceptionality, 33(2), 106-117.

Here is the episode transcripts. 

What's New In Adapted Physical Education · Legal Analysis: Adapted Physical Education and the Law

Dr. Kristi Roth’s Journey: Elevating Adapted PE Through Evidence and Advocacy

The What’s New in Adapted Physical Education podcast kicks off its 10th season with a very special episode with Special Guest hosts Dr. Barry Lavay and Dr. Melissa Bittner (CSU-Long Beach), who are joined by Dr. Kristi Roth, full professor at the University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point and co-author of the widely used textbook Principles and Methods of Adapted Physical Education and Recreation. This conversation highlights Dr. Roth’s remarkable journey in the field of adapted physical education. Dr. Roth shares key insights from her career, including her research on technology and teaching students with significant support needs, her work on transition outcomes in APE, and her advocacy work focused on promoting quality APE and PE for children with disabilities. She reflects on the influence of mentors, the importance of curiosity and evidence-based practice, and the value of listening and learning from students and colleagues alike.

Listeners will also hear about impactful resources such as the GLIDE app, the Severe Notebook, and the book The Pursuit of Attention by Charles Derber, which shaped Dr. Roth’s approach to communication and teaching. Her advice for current and future APE teachers centers on curiosity, collaboration, and prioritizing student needs.

What's New In Adapted Physical Education · Dr. Kristi Roth’s Journey: Elevating Adapted PE Through Evidence and Advocacy

Reflections from APE OSEP Scholars: The Critical Role of OSEP in Training Quality APE Teachers

Welcome to a new episode of What's New in APE! As many listeners know, there is a nationwide shortage of highly qualified APE teachers who are prepared to meet the diverse needs of these students. This is where the importance of targeted federal funding, such as that provided by the U.S. Department of Education’s Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP), comes into sharp focus.

In this episode of the podcast, we sat down with three incredible APE scholars—Honora Carlson-Strom, Fabian Pardo, and Bobby Segal—who are will soon be graduates of the University of New Hampshire’s OSEP-funded master’s program in APE. Their stories offer a powerful reminder of how essential this funding is for building the future of the field.

The OSEP grant made it possible for these students to participate in an intensive, 1-year graduate program that combined rigorous coursework with rich, hands-on experiences in both general and specialized school settings. Through placements, conferences, and professional collaborations, these scholars were able to develop not just technical skills, but also the patience and critical thinking that quality APE teaching demands. Without OSEP’s support, programs like this would struggle to exist. By investing in high-quality teacher preparation, OSEP is shaping the future of quality physical education for disabled children and developing the next generation of APE leaders.

See transcript here.

What's New In Adapted Physical Education · Reflections from APE OSEP Scholars: The Critical Role of OSEP in Training Quality APE Teachers

Action Research in APE with Dr. David Adams

 In this episode of What's New in Adapted Physical Education, we sit down with Dr. David Adams from Humboldt University. Dr. Adams, a graduate of Texas Woman's University, shares his journey from working at an Autism Center to leading a federally funded APE program at Humboldt. He then dives into his passion for action-based research, explaining how it empowers teachers to systematically meet the diverse needs of their students. We explore his latest publication, Implementing Action Research in Physical Education: A Guide for Physical Educators, and unpack the six critical teaching behaviors that form the foundation of action research—observation, data collection, designing and implementing interventions, analyzing data, reporting data, and reflecting on data. Dr. Adams discusses how these strategies enhance student outcomes, improve IEP meetings, and elevate the professionalism of APE teachers. In addition, he delves into barriers that can deter using action based research in their practices. Tune in to learn how evidence-based methods can bridge the gap between research and practical application in APE!

Here is the citation for the research paper discussed in this podcast:

Adams, D., Bittner, M., Silliman-French, L., & Lavay, B. (2023). Implementing Action Research in Physical Education: A Guide for Physical Educators. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 94(8), 14-21.

What's New In Adapted Physical Education · Action Research in APE with Dr. David Adams